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When you set up your computer, connect it to the Internet as little as possible.It turned out to be harder than I expected, and I have ten rules for anyone trying to do the same: Since working with Snowden’s NSA files, I have tried to maintain a single air-gapped computer. These attacks work by exploiting security vulnerabilities in the removable media used to transfer files on and off the air-gapped computers.

Another piece of malware named agent.btz, probably Chinese in origin, successfully jumped the air gap protecting US military networks. It successfully jumped the air gap and penetrated the Natanz network. Stuxnet was a US and Israeli military-grade piece of malware that attacked the Natanz nuclear plant in Iran. What they want is a computer that’s not directly connected to the Internet, albeit with some secure way of moving files on and off.īut every time a file moves back or forth, there’s the potential for attack.Īnd air gaps have been breached. The truth is that nobody wants a computer that never receives files from the Internet and never sends files out into the Internet. I hope human rights organizations in repressive countries are doing the same.Īir gaps might be conceptually simple, but they’re hard to maintain in practice. There are a lot of systems that use-or should use-air gaps: classified military networks, nuclear power plant controls, medical equipment, avionics, and so on. Since we know that computers connected to the Internet are vulnerable to outside hacking, an air gap should protect against those attacks. (The name comes from the literal gap of air between the computer and the Internet the word predates wireless networks.)īut this is more complicated than it sounds, and requires explanation. I also recommended using an air gap, which physically isolates a computer or local network of computers from the Internet. The advice I shared included using Tor, preferring certain cryptography over others, and using public-domain encryption wherever possible. Since I started working with Snowden’s documents, I have been using a number of tools to try to stay secure from the NSA.

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